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THE ITALIAN FAMILY
Lasslet¡¦s typology for families
ƒÞ Nuclear -1 conjugal unity/complete, incomplete
ƒÞ Without structure - no conjugal unity
ƒÞ Solitaires ¡V just one person (with or without servants)
ƒÞ Extended (h.-v.) -1 c.u. + relatives living together
ƒÞ Multiple (h.- v.) - 2 or more c.u.
Extended
Horizontal/vertical depending on the relationship between the head of the family with the cohabitants
ex - h - c.u. + brother
ex - v - c.u. + grandfather
complex families
expression used to mean both extended and multiple families
Other definitions
ƒÞ Patriarchal - asymmetric relationship (between husband/wife and parents/sons) + roles strictly defined
ƒÞ Conjugal intimate - roles more flexible and relationships more symmetric
Most important changes: 15th-19th century
ƒÞ Families living in the countryside developed a multiple structure :
- podere and mezzadria
(Tuscany + middle Italy)
- latifondo (south)
ƒÞ Urban families developed a nuclear structure: couples moved out parents home after marriage
1850-1940 Urban families: asymmetries (h/w, p/s) decreased
ƒÞ Love ¡V physical attraction (parents do not choose or influence the choice of the partner)
History of the wedding
ƒÞ Till the end of the 18th century - money (DOTE)
ƒÞ This changed between 1800 and 1850 (>urban f)
ƒÞ PODERE-MEZZADRIA - The owner of the podere had the right, as part of the contract of mezzadria, to give permission on the wedding. Abolished in 1920)
The control of the community
In little towns and in other kinds of farms (where there were day laborers), it was the community to exercise forms of control on weddings
What was disapproved
ƒÞ Marriage with someone from another community
ƒÞ Marriage with a different person from the one of the engagement
ƒÞ Adultery
ƒÞ Homosexuality
ƒÞ Second wedding of widowers/widows
ƒÞ Weddings with a strong difference of age
How it was disapproved:
ƒÞ BARRICATA - (a ribbon on the way the couple have to walk the day of wedding - $ proportionally to the dote)
ƒÞ IMPAGLIATA - (garbages dropped on the way that separates the two homes)
ƒÞ SCAMPANATA
These forms were often officially disapproved by religious and civil authorities, but allowed by the community
Sometimes more violent forms of control:
ƒÞ Wall-up ($)
ƒÞ Brooms on fire
ƒÞ Donk
From 14th to 19th century
First night of wedding and Honeymoon
ƒÞ From 16-17 century to the 70-80s of 19th century, couples were accompanied by parents and friends to the room
ƒÞ Honeymoon was quite common in Italy in the 90¡¦s of 19th century
Family and Fascism
Have we already talked about it?
Divorce
ƒÞ 1970
ƒÞ After 3 years (5) from the first appearance of the couple in court, it¡¦ s possible to request for divorce
ƒÞ Separation: consensual or judicial (when it¡¦s not possible to solve the conflict and the judge has to intervene)
ƒÞ In case of divorce, according to the Church, the tie remains indissoluble (Bible: what God has joined must not be separated by men (Mt, 19,6). (3 lines after Jesus himself recognize the separation in case of adultery of the woman).
ƒÞ For the State, all the effects produced by the union cease.
1975: Reform of family law
ƒÞ Replacing the Civil code of 1942 and Penal Code of 1930
ƒÞ Parity established between the two parties in marriage: previous insistence on the supremacy of the male head of the household, and of the right of a husband to control his wife¡¦s behavior and activity, was abandoned definitively
L. 22 maggio 1978, n. 194:
ƒÞ Introduced abortion
Contemporary developments: the crisis of the Italian family
ƒÞ 50¡¦s-60¡¦s: father losing authority
ƒÞ Less and later weddings
ƒÞ Less children
ƒÞ > solitaires
ƒÞ > couple living together without being married
ƒÞ > divorces (1/4)
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